What type of policing is common in hot spots




















However, none of these potential mechanisms are empirically tested in the Review. There is evidence that hot spots effectiveness varies considerably by context. The Review analysed variation in effect by crime type, programme type and evaluation design. In terms of crime type, the Review reported that hot spots policing was most effective in reducing drug offences, followed by disorder offences, property crime and then violent crime.

All reported reductions were statistically significant. When the authors compared the effect of taking a problem oriented policing POP approach in hotspots e. When policing hotspots, taking a POP approach was also more likely to reduce crime in surrounding areas when compared to an increased use of traditional policing techniques. The Review contained limited information about how hot spots policing was implemented and the specific activities undertaken as part of a hot spots policing strategy varied between studies.

Examples of some of the specific activities undertaken included: directed patrols, proactive arrests, heightened levels of traffic enforcement, CCTV, license plate readers and problem-oriented policing. The majority of the eligible hot spots policing studies seemed to implement the desired treatment successfully. These included: disruption to the intervention due to staffing issues, resistance from officers, changes to computer systems and other technology failures, lack of commitment to the problem solving process, lack of strict adherence to the target areas and a lack of support from other criminal justice partner agencies.

The Review focuses on issues associated with study implementation, as opposed to the implementation of the interventions themselves. The Review did not include any formal economic analysis as only one of the 65 evaluations included had conducted any cost-benefit analysis. This single study, based in England, found that 21 more minutes of patrol by police community support officers PCSOs was linked to 85 to fewer days of imprisonment in each targeted hot spot compared to control areas.

Hot spots policing programmes that take a problem-oriented approach appear more effective than increased traditional policing e. He described incidents concentrating in a particular area as one of the most common ways to characterize a problem. The main common feature is the use of geographic mapping to direct and prioritize police attention.

However, to the extent that Compstat and predictive policing limit the police response to something like saturation patrol or an enforcement crackdown, they are distinguishable from problem-oriented policing.

Conversely, to the extent that they use the initial geographic analysis as a starting point to a deeper analysis of the problems at identified locations, and to the development and implementation of a tailored response to each problem location, these models are consistent with problem-oriented policing.

The first section of this guide focuses on defining what hot spots are, discussing why they are important, and using theory to understand the kinds of locations that are likely to exhibit high activity. These are important first steps in the scanning phase of hot spot identification.

The second section emphasizes the scanning phase of the SARA model. Braga AA The effects of hot spots policing on crime. Campbell collaboration systematic review final report. Accessed 15 Apr Criminology — Google Scholar. Justice Quart Google Scholar. Clarke RV, Weisburd D Diffusion of crime control benefits: observations on the reverse of displacement.

In: Clarke RV ed Crime prevention studies, vol 2. J Quant Criminol —32 Google Scholar. Horney J, Osgood DW, Marshall IH Criminal careers in the short-term: intra-individual variability in crime and its relation to local life circumstances. Am Sociol Rev — Google Scholar. Kochel TR Constructing hot spots policing: unexamined consequences for disadvantaged populations and for police legitimacy. Koper CS Just enough police presence: reducing crime and disorderly behavior by optimizing patrol time in crime hot spots.

Just Quart — Google Scholar. In the POP hot spots , there was no significant crime decline during the intervention period, but in the 90 days after the experiment, street violence declined by a statistically significant 33 percent. Problem solving approaches may take more time to show beneficial results, but any successes that come from a problem-oriented framework may be more long-lasting in nature.

Braga and colleagues conclude in their systematic review that problem solving versus a focus on just increasing enforcement may bring about longer-term crime control gains. Not all micro place studies are hot spots studies.

Hot spots policing studies represent 39 of the 49 micro place studies in the Matrix. What Works in Policing? Hot Spots Policing. Resources What is Hot Spots Policing? Taylor, Christopher S. Koper, and Daniel J. Bichler et al. Problem-oriented policing, focusing on outreach to motel owners and operators, code enforcement, and permit ordinance to increase pressure on uncooperative motel operators. Braga et al. Problem-oriented policing in violent crime hot spots leads to reductions in violent and property crime, disorder and drug selling.

Bryant et al. Focus on hot spots of crime leads to reductions in crime and disorder calls for service. Safe Street Team problem-oriented policing project associated with a reduction in violent index crimes at treatment hot spots relative to comparison places.

Blocks that received extra police protection experienced significantly fewer car thefts than the rest of the neighborhoods.

Groff et al. An approach focusing on known offenders led to a reduction in violent crime and violent felonies. Hope Case studies of problem-oriented policing and drug-market locations.



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