The Third Battle of Ypres comprised 8 phases. Formally called the Third Battle of Ypres, the battle which began on 31 st July often takes the name it is more commonly known by, the Battle of Passchendaele, from the First and Second Battles of Passchendaele, which were in fact the last two phases of Third Ypres.
Many thousands of the casualties on both the Allied and German sides were killed in the fighting during the Third Battle of Ypres. Thousands were listed as missing in action and whose remains, if found, have never been identified. The Menin Gate Memorial to the Missing commemorates United Kingdom and New Zealand servicemen who fell in action before midnight on 15 th August and who have no known grave.
United Kingdom casualties and nearly 1, New Zealand casualties missing in action and presumed killed on and after 16 th August are commemorated on the memorial wall at Tyne Cot military cemetery. It is the largest British and Commonwealth cemetery in the world. Of these graves 3, are identified. The remains of the other 8, servicemen buried in the cemetery are known only to be Commonwealth forces and are identified on the headstone as such, with or without an identified rank and or military unit.
Over 44, German soldiers are buried in this cemetery, many of whom died during the Third Battle of Ypres. Located in the chateau at Zonnebeke village, the museum tells the story of the First World War in the Ypres Salient with special emphasis on the Battle of Passchendaele A Flanders offensive by the German Army was originally proposed in October by the Army Group Commander Field Marshal Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria as a large-scale attack either carried out on its own or as an attack to relieve pressure elsewhere on the German Front.
Quentin on the river Somme. The breakthrough would be made in the British Front just south of the Belgian-French border in the Lys river area with the intention to pierce the Allied Front there and advance westwards making for Hazebrouck. The British-held rail centre of Hazebrouck would be captured and the British troops in Belgian Flanders could be pushed westwards and trapped on the Belgian coast.
The operation would, however, only be possible to start from April at the earliest due to the high winter water table of the Lys river. The ground would not begin to dry out until the warmer spring weather arrived in April. Between November and January the plans for a German offensive against the Allied Front in the spring of were developed. By January the German Supreme Command confirmed that the offensive would take place in a series of attacks rather than one great anihilating attack.
The German troops were exhausted, lines of supply had proved difficult to maintain across the shell-damaged ground, food was in short supply for men and horses. South of Ypres the Portuguese troops holding the Allied Front in Artois were pushed westwards by four miles. In the south of the Ypres Salient sector the British Second Army was pushed westwards also, losing its hold of the Messines Ridge, Wytschaete and Messines villages which had been captured from the German Army in June , just under a year before.
The village of Passchendaele, captured by the Allies after such hard fighting during the Third Battle of Ypres, was retaken by the German Army on 16 th April. However, a German attack on Kemmel Hill on 25 th April succeeded in pushing French troops, recently arrived in the area as reinforcements, off this important high ground.
The Georgette operation continued for another four days but was terminated on 29 th April with no more significant German gains and without the capture of Hazebrouck.
German forces attack north of Armentieres and capture Messines. The British situation is desperate. With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice of our cause each one must fight on to the end. A German attack with the intention of capturing Hazebrouck is stopped by the Australian 1st Division. French reinforcements are sent on their way to the British sector, specifically the Kemmel sector south of Ypres, to help stem the German advance.
A German attack captures Bailleul. General Plumer, commander of the British Second Army, withdraws British troops on his northern flank from Passchendaele closer to Ypres. A French division arrives at the Kemmelberg to relieve the British defenders.
However, the German forces attack and capture it from the French. Unofficially it is sometimes known as the Fifth Battle of Ypres. On 28 th September the Allied Army Group of Flanders attacked and broke through the German Front to the north, east and south of the city of Ypres. Casualties were over 4, for both the British and the Belgian forces.
The progress of the advance was significant, with the recapture of the Kemmelberg and several miles of territory lost to the German advance in April earlier that year. The Allied advance to the west, pushing the German Army further away from Ypres and the destruction left in the area from four years of fighting, continued with the Battle of Courtrai. Focusing mainly on the British experience in the Ypres Salient between , this book moves seamlessly between the generals in their chateaus and the soldiers in their trenches.
A gripping read. This volume covers the first of the trench warfare battles of World War I. In the autumn of the original British Expeditionary Force made its last stand, aided by French troops, against the advancing German army racing towards the French ports. The battle for Ypres in October and November represented the last opportunity for open, mobile warfare on the Western Front.
In the first study of First Ypres for almost 40 years, Ian Beckett draws on a wide range of sources never previously used to reappraise the conduct of the battle, its significance and its legacy.
Battles of the Ypres Salient. German troops and supply columns on the march through Belgium, German troops in Belgium buying fruit in Belgium, autumn Battles took place for Messines in the south, Gheluvelt to the east, Zonnebeke and Langemarck to the north-east of the town.
Location of the battle for the high ground of Hill 60 at Zillebeke, south-east of Ypres in April Sketch by Dr. Hanslian sketch. The German Army had successfully been pushed off the Messines Ridge. Australian troops studying a large relief model of Messines Ridge before the battle. Thorough preparation and planning were a key feature in the success of the operation on 7 th June. The Canadians counterattacked to stall the German advance, and then slowly gave ground, buying precious time for British troops to be rushed forward.
History Second Ypres Festubert St. Canada and the First World War. Second Ypres Festubert St. Canadians Gassed in Battle On 22 April, two Canadian brigades were in the front lines, with a third in reserve near Ypres.
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